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← All break/fix scenarios in Observability

advancedmetric-cardinality~30 min

Break/Fix: Cardinality Explosion

Reported symptoms

  • A new metric was added
  • Prometheus memory has spiked

Evidence

  • · prometheus_tsdb_head_series climbs
  • · prometheus memory alerts
Diagnosis and resolutionclick to reveal

Root cause

A high-cardinality label was added to a metric.

Remediation

1. Identify the offending metric (tsdb). 2. Drop the label via relabel. 3. Restart Prometheus. 4. Validate.

Verification

Memory returns to baseline; offending metric is filtered.

Prevention

CI lint rules for high-cardinality labels; quarterly review.

Scenario

You are operating a production observability platform. The following symptoms appear:

  • A new metric was added
  • Prometheus memory has spiked

Available evidence:

  • prometheus_tsdb_head_series climbs
  • prometheus memory alerts

Your task

Determine the cause, recover, document, and validate.

Investigation

The investigation follows the discipline taught in Part XCVIII:

  1. Form hypothesis, find evidence, test, validate.
  2. Use the available evidence above to bound the search.
  3. Reach one of the likely root causes.

Recovery procedure

(Do not reveal until you have reasoned through the problem.)

  1. Identify the failing component.
  2. Apply the remediation pathway.
  3. Validate with the verification step.
  4. Document the incident.

Remediation

  1. Identify the offending metric (tsdb). 2. Drop the label via relabel. 3. Restart Prometheus. 4. Validate.

Verification

Memory returns to baseline; offending metric is filtered.

Rollback

Revert relabel change

Prevention

CI lint rules for high-cardinality labels; quarterly review.